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From:
Subject: Re: [DNA-R1B1C7] DNA-R1B1C7 Digest, Vol 1, Issue 18
Date: Thu, 7 Jun 2007 21:11:52 EDT


In a message dated 6/7/2007 8:26:25 P.M. Eastern Standard Time,
writes:

Thanks for your information, Eugene. I was rather surprised to learn
that I am a member of the North West Irish haplogroup. But Turkish?
Wow! That's far out.

Ed McAmis
Hi Ed
keep in mind
The first humans are thought to have arrived in Ireland only 9000 years ago
(7000BC). Although, in that time, we have altered Ireland's landscape
fundamentally, we have not come close to the same scale of changes that were
wrought by the Ice Age.
Ireland was at various times largely glaciated and completely land-locked as
a part of the continent of Europe. For reasons not yet fully understood, our
planet goes through cycles of warm and cool periods. The last cold spell
began around 30,000 years ago and, in Ireland's neighbourhood, caused the Arctic
ice to descend from the North Pole towards Europe. By 20,000 years ago
Ireland was almost totally covered by a thick ice sheet stretching south-west from
Scotland. Throughout this period the build up of ice on land across the
world caused the sea level to drop. (_See map_
(http://www.fortunecity.com/banners/interstitial.html?http://www.fortunecity.com/bally/sligo/93/past/pre_norman_hi
story/iceage.html#map) .) By 20,000 years ago, it had dropped to a level 120
metres (400 feet) below the level it is today. [2] This retreat of the
waters meant that Ireland and Britain were once again joined together and joined
to continental Europe. On average, 30 to 40km (19 to 25 miles) [3] of sea bed
was exposed around the British Isles.

Y-DNA haplogroup R is mainly represented in two lineages. Lineage R1a is
thought to have originated in the Eurasian Steppes north of the Black and
Caspian Seas. It is associated with the Kurgan culture, known for the domestication
of the horse (approximately 3000 B.C.E.). This lineage is currently found in
central and western Asia, India, and in Slavic populations of Eastern
Europe. A well-known individual of the R1a lineage is Somerled founder of Clan
Donald. Lineage R1b originated prior to the end of the last ice age where it was
concentrated in refugia in southern Europe and Iberia and is the most common
in European populations. It is especially common in the west of Ireland where
it approaches 100% of the population. This haplogroup contains the Atlantic
modal STR haplotype
E.B Ashley



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